This study investigates the representations of Hindu-Muslim relationship inBollywood movies from 2008 to 2018. It is assumed that after 2008 Mumbaiterrorist attacks, which are known as 26/11, conflicts between Hindus andMuslims have escalated. Since Indian people are extreme fans of movies,especially Bollywood movies, in this regard, it is expected that media could playa significant role...Read More

Since the 9/11 bombings in New York, and the 7/7 bombings in London,Muslims’ integration in the UK has been under intense scrutiny. Muslimintegration, however, has long been a matter of debate in Britain, revolvingaround the maintenance of Muslims’ distinctive identity and practice. Forinstance, David Cameron (Cameron, 2011), Britain’s then Prime Minister,announced at the Munich Security...Read More

Islamophobia is defined as a closed-minded hatred, fear or prejudicetoward Islam and Muslims that result in discrimination, marginalization,and oppression. This phenomenon was strengthened after September 11marked a watershed in the history of America. In the wake of 9/11,Islamophobia was promulgated in a plethora of textual and visualnarratives, including novel. This paper studies Islamophobia in GregHrbek’s...Read More

The landscape of the Indonesian public sphere—amidst the rise of new media—has opened both opportunities and threats dealing with Islamic teaching. Thiscondition shapes a danger for the two largest of moderate Muslim Organisations(Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama/NU), in which they do not engage muchof the development of the digital platform. Consequently, dealing with religiousissues, they become...Read More