This article aims to sketch concisely about the relationships between the Ottomans and the Portuguese pertaining to the developments in the Indian Ocean in the first half of the 16 century. The purpose th of the Portuguese Kingdom to establish hegemony in the eastern seas occurred in an era when Ottoman State’s borders reached nearly...Read More

When it comes to Turkey’s experience, the reasons for using West and modernity together are the secularisation policies of Republican Turkey and its reform goals, which take the West as their example in every sense. Besides these political reflections, literary and artistic changes were also part of the political aims and reforms. In this regard,...Read More

The Islamic world developed classical institutions of teaching, learning and research from the Abbasid period onwards. These institutions supported scholarly activities that gained a new vigour and dynamism during the Ottoman period: thousands of students were educated in the hundreds of medreses (schools or academies), both old and new, throughout the Ottoman empire. By 1600,...Read More

John Buchan (1875–1940) was the director of British Intelligence in the last two years of World War i and a novelist, too. His novel, Greenmantle (1916), examined the decaying stages of the Ottoman empire with a specific focus on radical Islamic movements. Greenmantle reveals Buchan’s Western elitist views and the continuation of his imperialist conviction...Read More