The topic of relations of several religious groups in the world from different perspectives has been a hot issue among researchers and stakeholders. This article addresses the future relations between the majority and minority religious groups, particularly a case study of Bugis Muslims and Bugis Hindus known as Towani Tolotang who live in a harmonious...Read More

In general, this paper will explore features and patterns of Islamism in Indonesia after the downfall of Suharto’s regime in which people called it as reformation era. In Indonesian context, the Islamism at least have four characteristics; (i) promoting Islam as a sole basis in transforming society, (ii) acknowledging Islam as an ideology, (iii) among...Read More

In the nineteenth century, Islamic religious movements fell into three groups: First, those advocating salvation through revivalism as exemplified by Wahhabism; Second, salvation through the prophecy of divinely-sent leader (or guide) as seen in the case of Mahdism; and third, salvation through ecstasy and loss of self-volition, such as in the Sufi Shaykh (charismatic leader),...Read More

State is an institution that accommodates the interests of individuals within the scope of community life. The concept of the state has a strategic role in determining various policies on all aspects including politics, society, economy, and education. In its journey, the form and concept of the state became a matter of debate and difference...Read More