Malaysia is a country that is rich for the diversity of its people. This diversity can be seen from the aspect of faith, ethnicity, language, culture, and so on. In facing a society that is pluralistic in nature, several initiatives have been taken by the government and non-government bodies in ensuring understanding and unity among...Read More

This article examines the philosophy of history of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas on the theory of the arrival and spread of Islam in the Malay world, particularly in his work ‘Historical Facts and Fictions’. This philosophy of history is consequent to al-Attas’ critical research contained in his previous works such as ‘Preliminary Statement on a...Read More

The majority of the published studies on multilingualism concentrate on education, while only a few published papers describe this concept outside the education environment. The current descriptive study uses Makkah City as an example to describe two multilingual phenomena: Umrah and Hajj as examples of permanent and temporary multilingualism phenomena, respectively. This study uses government...Read More

Living in a multi-religious and multi-cultural country like Malaysia is a very challenging experience. It requires understanding and cooperation among the races so as to ensure good relations. The race relations developed gradually and went through various stages throughout the history based on the political and the social circumstances of the society. Throughout the history,...Read More