Essentially all theories used in the West are secular based. This is problematic for Western Muslim researchers who investigate the world through an Islamocentric lens. This paper was developed as part of an action research project that investigated Islamic literature-based character development with elementary school children. In developing a theoretical framework Critical Theory and critical...Read More

The relationship between Arabic and Islam was conceived when the commandments of Allah were revealed to Muslims in Arabic. In fact the Quran, entirely in God’s voice, clearly stipulates that “We have sent it down as an Arabic Quran so that you [people] may understand” (12:2). Naturally, Arabic is a component of various daily religious...Read More

The socialization concept is a part of concept that causes the people or citizens to have the characteristics needed by the community or society. The school is an important institution of socialization through educational managements by creating a learning processes aimed at changing human behaviors and attitudes into the planned valuable and desirable directions. In...Read More

The majority of the published studies on multilingualism concentrate on education, while only a few published papers describe this concept outside the education environment. The current descriptive study uses Makkah City as an example to describe two multilingual phenomena: Umrah and Hajj as examples of permanent and temporary multilingualism phenomena, respectively. This study uses government...Read More