Abstract Avicenna is undoubtedly the most significant philosopher in the history of Muslim thought. He has influenced all the notable factions of Muslim intelligensia. Logic occupies a prominent place in his philosophical system. It is considered by Avicenna such an important theoretical tool that it has practical utility and consequences. Any intellectual activity is inconceivable...Read More

Communities in different times and places in the world have given varying weight to forms of knowledge and the variety of processes by which knowledge is believed to be created. Bound to each society’s unique culture, these epistemological hierarchies are constantly in flux: Social and religious factors, for example, shaped such hierarchies by emphasizing some...Read More

The Quran is held by Muslims to be a single-authored text, the direct words of God (Allah), conveyed by the angel Gabriel to Mohammed 1355-1378 years ago, and later transcribed verbatim to be used as the sole authoritative source of knowledge, wisdom and law. The challenge for computer scientists is to represent this knowledge, wisdom...Read More