Animalia is the essential part of the universe. Their existence on this planet is evident far before that of the mankind. The first fossils that might represent animals appear in the 665-million-year-old rocks of the Trezona Formation of South Australia. Some of the animals have been domesticated by the mankind over the centuries. Humans have...Read More

Any student of comparative religion will notice – and seek to identify as well – the points of similarity and difference between various religions. One might even claim that the discipline of “influence studies” has its roots in these discussions of comparison and contrast. However, these discussions persistently fail to address the nuances of particular...Read More

Apostasy, the abandonment of Islam, can be subdivided into the act of apostasy, and its legal consequences. In Egyptian case law of the past fifty years, only the latter plays a role. The act of apostasy hardly needs to be scrutinized by the courts since it is almost never related to religious conviction, but to...Read More

Islamic rules of warfare are complex, appear to be contradictory and require careful analysis. This monograph will introduce readers to Islamic principles of warfare and its conduct. These principles are contained within a body of Islamic legal rulings that has grown over the centuries. Click here to read more.Read More