Landscape Design in the Middle East is a little-documented subject1. Until relatively recently conventional academic research had been conducted largely from an ‘Orientalist’ perspective2. It is only today that discussion of Islam and architecture are starting to acknowledge the true diversity and complexities of Islamic societies. DownloadRead More

Using classical Greek logic to explain the concept of a metaphor to his readers, the famous Islamic scholar Ibn Sina wrote in his book, “Qiyâs”: “So and so is beautiful. Everything beautiful is a moon. Therefore so and so is a moon.” On the other hand, the equally famous Islamic scholar Imam al-Shafi’i is quoted...Read More

For some seven hundred years seminaries across the Islamic world have required that students to take a rigorous course of traditional logic. Instruction was based on a series of short textbooks, explicated through commentaries and glosses. This tradition of “school logicn arose &spite strong religious opposition to logic in the Islamic world. Its texts reflected...Read More

Four options for assigning a meaning to Islamic Logic are surveyed including a new proposal for an option named Real Islamic Logic (RIL). That approach to Islamic Logic should serve modern Islamic objectives in a way comparable to the functionality of Islamic Finance. The prospective role of RIL is analyzed from several perspectives: (i) parallel...Read More