In the January 1915 issue of the leading Dutch cultural journal De Gids Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857–1936) published an article under the provocative title “Holy War made in Germany.” The article offered a mixture of cynically worded scholarly analysis of great acuity, which characterizes Snouck Hurgronje’s works, and vehement moral condemnation of the war craze....Read More

This article focuses on the use of force under Islamic law, i.e., jus ad bellum. Islamic law allows the use of force in self-defence and in defence of those who are oppressed and unable to defend themselves. In contrast, the offensive theory of jihad is untenable. Muslim states follow the defensive theory of jihad. Islamic...Read More

This monograph reviews Islamic scripture and the complexity of Islamic rules of war. It notes that classical Islamic scholars wrote about truces, types of combat, prisoners of war, division of spoils, and debated and developed principles … Click here to read more.Read More

Islamic rules of warfare are complex, appear to be contradictory and require careful analysis. This monograph will introduce readers to Islamic principles of warfare and its conduct. These principles are contained within a body of Islamic legal rulings that has grown over the centuries. Click here to read more.Read More