(Not) Using Political Islam: The German Empire and Its Failed Propaganda Campaign in the Near and Middle East, 1914–1918 and Beyond

The defeat of Nazi Germany in World War ii brought to an end what
Bloch has termed the imperial phase of German history (1871–1945).¹
There is an ongoing debate whether Germany’s imperial policies were
carefully planned or rather opportunist in nature. Archival evidence
strongly suggests the latter, particularly where German policies in
the Near and Middle East are concerned.

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