This paper is an attempt to study the scholars‟ network of Mandailing Ulama with those of Haramayn in the mid-19thand early 20thcentury. Employing the content analysis methodthe research finds thatthe Mandailing scholars had made an intellectual encounterwith the scholars in Haramayn, even some of theestablished networks with Egyptian and Indian scholars. The Mandailing scholars connotethose...Read More

scholarship. Despite the contributions of a range of academic authorities overthe past two centuries, stretching back to the publication of Lt. Graham’s 1819essay, “A Treatise on Sufism, or Mahomedan Mysticism,” followed by the firstmajor European study of the subject two years later by the young Friedrich A.Tholuck, Ssufismus, sive Theosophia Persarum Pantheistica (Sufism, or thePantheistic...Read More

Wahdat al-wujud is a very most polemical topic discussed in the world of Islamic Tasawwuf or Sufism since 2nd century of Islamic history. This issue continued to be debated from time to time until today. Wahdat al-wujud or Oneness of the Absolute Existent had made conflict between Muslim scholars. Some scholars become the supporters of...Read More

In order to discuss female Moroccan sainthood in Chapter Four, I first will explore some contexts. In this chapter, I will discuss Sufism more in depth, and go into its relation to gender. In chapter three, I will focus on the Moroccan characteristics of these issues, as well as on Moroccan hagiography. Click here to...Read More