Since the attacks of 9/11 Somalia has become the subject of renewed attention from the United States and Europe. As the archetype of a failed state, the threat it poses has been equated to that which the US faced in Afghanistan and is seen as a fertile ground for radical Islamic groups, in particular al-Qaeda....Read More

The defeat of Nazi Germany in World War ii brought to an end what Bloch has termed the imperial phase of German history (1871–1945).¹ There is an ongoing debate whether Germany’s imperial policies were carefully planned or rather opportunist in nature. Archival evidence strongly suggests the latter, particularly where German policies in the Near and...Read More

This paper is about the epistemological underpinnings of European and American foreign policy toward political Islam. European and American approaches to political Islam rely upon commonly held secular assumptions about religion and politics that have significant effects on foreign policy in Europe and the United States. Secularist epistemology produces an understanding of ‘‘normal politics’’ that...Read More