Since the establishment of Islam as a religion in the 7th century C.E., many elements shaped the arrangement of human life on those lands. The pattern of life was shaped by three main constraints:  the earlier settlements  the present context, climate and geography  the way of life suggested by the religion The...Read More

Landscape Design in the Middle East is a little-documented subject1. Until relatively recently conventional academic research had been conducted largely from an ‘Orientalist’ perspective2. It is only today that discussion of Islam and architecture are starting to acknowledge the true diversity and complexities of Islamic societies. DownloadRead More