With the expansion of Muslim territory in the ninth century, non-Muslim communities’ reactions to the denials of the prophethood of Muhammad created an impact on the development of Islamic prophetology. Vigorous refutations from non-Muslim community, specifically the Jews, Christians and Brahmins urged Muslims to develop a solid mechanism in defence of the status of their...Read More

Ibn Hazm al-Zahiri stood out as a critical analyst of Christian scriptures, however without giving any justification (ta’lil). Thus, his analysis methodology is known as the al-Zahiri’s Methodology. This paper seeks to introduce his methodology, analyze the approaches, his objections and critiques adopted by him in his study of Christianity. The interaction between Muslims and...Read More

The Western world and the world of Islam share a history, but they also differ greatly. The rise of terrorism has once again made us fully aware of that. In these tense times I would like to consider a question that is rarely raised today, yet which may be very relevant and very revealing: What...Read More

Any student of comparative religion will notice – and seek to identify as well – the points of similarity and difference between various religions. One might even claim that the discipline of “influence studies” has its roots in these discussions of comparison and contrast. However, these discussions persistently fail to address the nuances of particular...Read More