The landscape of the Indonesian public sphere—amidst the rise of new media—has opened both opportunities and threats dealing with Islamic teaching. Thiscondition shapes a danger for the two largest of moderate Muslim Organisations(Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama/NU), in which they do not engage muchof the development of the digital platform. Consequently, dealing with religiousissues, they become...Read More

After semi-independent Local governments come to power in South coast of Caspian Sea,Northern states of Iran became the scene of political dispute and conflict between localand governors of Abbasid and Umayyad. Providing political security of the region andestablishing suitable condition for economic development was led to construct the multipurpose garrisons in geographical spread of Tabaristan....Read More

Novel writing in Arabic language is a contemporary effort in Arabic literature ofNigerian authorship. This, however, is not strange because of the fact that the genrein global Arabic literature is equally not very old. It is however note worthy howwriters use Arabic in purely literary ways to convey social messages. Novel writing,most especially, is being...Read More

The concepts of individual and collective worship are common in the Torah andQuran. They are not empty rituals but a source of social reformation. Theexamination and analysis of how rituals of worship lead to the formation of ahealthy society is the purpose of this article.Thearticlealso attempts to highlight thesimilarities inherent in the Law of Moses...Read More