In this paper, I have identified and briefly examined two Islamic concepts which constitute tlre nucleus of the conceptual framework for sustainability in Islamic arclritecture. The two concepts are: 1) man as the vicegerent (khalifah) on earth, and 2) natural environment as both afield and means for man’s vicegerency mission. Central to tlre paper are the following themes: 1) the meaning and significance of Islamic architecture; 2) the position and role of man on ‘eartl; 3) peaceful and accountable (sustainable) coexistence with tlre environment; and 4) the implications of the Islamic concepts of man and the environment for sustainability in Islamic architecture.
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