“Medical practice has been evidencebased since antiquity. What has changed is our understanding of what constitutes evidence”1 . How do we know that a particular treatment works? How can we measure the effectiveness of a certain drug? And how do we assess whether a medical or surgical procedure is better than an alternative one? These are questions of medical epistemology, questions that deal with the topic of how we can know what works in medicine. These questions have occupied physicians from Hippocrates’ times until today.
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