On the surface, a decision to join a radical Islamic movement seems irrational. Participation entails enormous costs and risks, especially if the movement supports the use of violence for the cause. In addition, less controversial options are typically available for those who desire a deeper religious experience. Participants are frequently referred to as “zealots,” “fanatics,” and “militants,” connoting an irrational adherence devoid of reflective logic. Given the disincentives, why do individuals join these movements?
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